The constitution of Sierra Leone provides for freedom of religion and the Sierra Leone Government generally protects it. ", "BBC On This Day | 27 | 1961: Sierra Leone wins independence", "Politicized security forces or tribalized national politics; which is which? Kenema is the most populated district in Sierra Leone, according to the preliminary report of the final result of the Mid-Term Census report released by Statistics Sierra Leone (Stats SL) last week. The fund was created to raise local communities' stake in the legal diamond trade. The upper part of the drainage basin of the Moa River is located in the south of this region. [216], The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the population is 1.6%, higher than the world average of 1% but lower than the average of 6.1% across Sub-Saharan Africa. Many sufferers try to cure themselves with the help of traditional healers. Koidu Town is home to two of the ten most rough and largest diamonds in the world and was found in the Woyie River which flows through the city. As designated by the Sierra Leone Constitution, the vice-president is to become the new president of Sierra Leone upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. The Sierra Leone cricket team represents Sierra Leone in international cricket competitions and is among the best in West Africa. Bunce Island became a prime spot for transporting slaves to Europe and America. [155], As of 2016, about 12% of the population of Sierra Leone had access to electricity. The 1978 constitution made the APC the only legal political party in Sierra Leone. [33] The Spanish rendering of this geographic formation is Sierra Leona, which later was adapted, misspelled and became the country's current name. Sierra Leone's national politics centres on the competition between the north-west, dominated by the Temne, and the south-east dominated by the Mende. The districts are further divided into 190 chiefdoms, which perform some local government functions. Stevens is generally criticised for dictatorial methods and government corruption, but on a positive note, he kept the country stable and from collapsing into civil war. Most of the proposals came from leaders of the Protectorate, whose population far outnumbered that in the colony. In March 1976, Stevens was elected without opposition for a second five-year term as president. [165], English is the official language,[166] spoken at schools, government administration and in the media. Bo District Bombali District Bonthe District Kailahun District Kambia District Kenema District Koinadugu District Kono District Moyamba District The APC, with its leader Siaka Stevens, narrowly won a small majority of seats in Parliament over the SLPP in a closely contested 1967 general election. Of the refugees remaining in Sierra Leone, nearly all were Liberian.[171]. Sierra Leone had its own parliament and its own prime minister, and had the ability to make 100% of its own laws, however, as with countries such as Canada and Australia, Sierra Leone remained a "Dominion" and Queen Elizabeth was Queen of the independent Dominion of Sierra Leone. He also endeavoured to change Sierra Leone from a democracy to a one-party state. Manga Sewa's father had several wives and dozens of children. Based on the commission's recommendations, a constitution re-establishing a multi-party system was approved by the exclusive APC Parliament by a 60% majority vote, becoming effective on 1 October 1991. 130,725. According to the report, Sierra Leones population has increased by 6.4%, since the last census in 2015. : Sierra Leone News", "SIERRA LEONE NOW: Attempts To Launder Maada Bio's Battered Image Fail We Were Not Supreme Council Members Civilians In NPRC Deny Involvement In Atrocities", "Standard Times Press Sierra Leone's NPRC's Ruthlessness No Death Certificates For 29 Sierra Leoneans", "How Sierra Leone fell into the hands of young soldiers", "Campaigns | Sierra Leone: Imminent execution / death penalty / legal concern", "Sierra Leone: one place where Tony Blair remains an unquestioned hero", "Sierra Leone launches three-day, door-to-door Ebola prevention campaign", "Sierra Leone cancels all soccer matches over Ebola outbreak", "Auswrtiges Amt Sierra Leone: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise", "7 March 2018 Election in Sierra Leone by numbers", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "National Report on the Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD): Sierra Leone", "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD): An Options Assessment Report", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", Sierra Leone Legal System and Legal Research, "Sierra Leone declares former junta head president", "Sierra Leone National Election Commission Bulletin", "Russia and Sierra Leone diplomatic relations", "Welcome to the Mano River Union Website", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Relations", Armed forces (Sierra Leone) Jane's Sentinel Security Assessments, "Summary (Sierra Leone) Jane's World Air Forces", "In Sierra Leone, Army Chief of Defence Staff Commends Troops", "State Sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults", "71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal", "Chiefs: Economic Development and Elite Control of Civil Society in Sierra Leone", "ActionAid launches Perception survey as new local councils struggle to survive", "Sierra Leone Human Development Report 2007 Empowering Local Government for Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction The District Focus Approach to Development", "Final Results 2004 population and housing census", "Bombali profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Tonkolili profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kambia profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kenema profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kailahun profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Bo profile of geographical entity including name variants", Sierra Leone News: Africell Presents Second Consignment of Food to all Quarantined Homes, "Energy Africa Access Campaign Policy Compact Sierra Leone Final Report", "Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Women and Children in Western Sierra Leone due to Smoke from Wood and Charcoal Stoves", "NATIONAL ENERGY PROFILE OF SIERRA LEONE [JUNE, 2012]", "Sierra Leone solar push aims to bring electricity to all by 2025", "The endgame of the Bumbuna hydroelectric plant project", "Sierra Leone signs MoU for $750 million hydro power boost", "Hydro brings light and hope to Sierra Leone", "Population, total - Sierra Leone | Data", "Sierra Leone: Krio and the Quest for National Integration", "Recounting the sacrifices that made Bangla the State Language", "Sierra Leone makes Bengali official language", "Sierra Leone Hailed for Religious Tolerance", "Preventing religious conflict in Sierra Leone: a careful balancing act", "Media Centre In Sierra Leone, partnerships with religious leaders help combat child mortality", "Interreligious Community Advocates for Peace in Sierra Leone with photos", "Ahmadiyya Movement Goes Mainstream in Sierra Leone", Sierra Leone: Bo Ahmadiya Muslim Secondary School Golden Jubilee, Former Principal and Secretary-General Honoured, "National President of the Supreme Islamic Council of Sierra Leone Congratulates H.E (Rtd) Juilius Maada Bio and his vice, Dr Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh", "*Sierra Leone Imams present new president to Hon. [79] Due to the lack of access to basic education, women are the least prepared when it comes to processing business licences, registering names or contracting. When the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was abolished in 1806, the freed slaves from Britain and the Americas were repatriated to the capital which was named Freetown. Setting: Twenty-seven peripheral health units, five secondary hospitals and one tertiary hospital, Western Area District, Sierra Leone.Objectives: To describe reporting systems, monthly attendances and facility-based patterns of six non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the pre-Ebola and Ebola virus disease outbreak periods.Design: A cross-sectional study using programme data. Since then, there has been a smooth succession to the presidency all via elections. [55]:34,223255, These Liberated Africans were from many areas of Africa, but principally the west coast. Each district has both major and small cities and towns. The UN mission was restructured in 2008 and it was decided that the UN Radio would be merged with SLBS to form the new Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC). . General Tarawalie was also a strong loyalist and key Momoh supporter. These problems became so severe that the SLPP boycotted the 1973 general election; as a result the APC won 84 of the 85 elected seats.[85]. Sierra Leone is a West African country near the Atlantic Ocean. Rich in minerals, Sierra Leone has relied on mining, especially diamonds, for its economic base. On 5 July 1994 SAJ Musa, who was popular among the general population, particularly in Freetown, was arrested and sent into exile after he was accused of planning a coup to topple Strasser, an accusation SAJ Musa denied. The southern front, consisting mostly of Mende people, entered the conflict somewhat later, for other reasons. Krio is the most widely spoken language across Sierra Leone, spoken by 97% of the country's population. [98] The epidemic occurred as part of the wider Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. The Republic of Sierra Leone is composed of five regions: the Northern Province, North West Province, Southern Province, the Eastern Province, and the Western Area. In January 1970, Bangura was arrested and charged with conspiracy and plotting to commit a coup against the Stevens government. The largest city is Freetown with a population of 836 574. [234] During the Civil War (19912002), many soldiers took part in atrocities and many children were forced to fight. The Oku are virtually all Muslims at about 99%. 50%. GTV subsequently went out of business, leaving DStv as the only provider of subscription satellite television in the country. If you are interested in the answer to the question "How many men and women are there in Bo District, Sierra Leone?" Within the confines of the 1991 Constitution, supreme legislative powers are vested in Parliament, which is the law-making body of the nation. The small but significant Krio people (descendants of freed African American, West Indian and Liberated African slaves who settled in Freetown between 1787 and about 1885) make up about 3% of the population. One traditional leader from each district occupies a seat in Sierra Leone's parliament . Bio is the leader of the Sierra Leone People's Party, the current ruling party in Sierra Leone. [163] In the past this project received its funding of over $200 million from a combination of the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and the Italian company Salini Impregilo. Nwauwa, Apollos O. About 400 black and 60 white colonists reached Sierra Leone on 15 May 1787. Many Liberated Africans were so unhappy that they risked the possibility of being sold back into slavery by leaving Sierra Leone and going back to their original villages. Many Liberated Africans were treated poorly and even abused because some of the original settlers considered them their property. The pastor while in Sierra Leone police custody apologised to Sierra Leonean Muslims and to the government of Sierra Leone. [161] There were plans to increase its capacity 400 megawatts by 2017 which would cost around $750 million. [209], In Sierra Leone, normally, men are automatically positioned as household heads; and their status does not change if their marital status changes over time. [13] Freetown is the capital and largest city. Karefa-Smart led a prominent small minority faction within the SLPP party in opposition of Albert Margai as Prime Minister. The country has three universities: Fourah Bay College, founded in 1827 (the oldest university in West Africa),[214] University of Makeni (established initially in September 2005 as The Fatima Institute, the college was granted university status in August 2009, and assumed the name University of Makeni, or UNIMAK), and Njala University, primarily located in Bo District. Credit card use is limited in Sierra Leone, though they may be used at some hotels and restaurants. In October 1999, the United Nations agreed to send peacekeepers to help restore order and disarm the rebels. After Pedro da Cintras discovery, foreign influence in the area increased and trade commenced between the locals and Europeans in the form of a barter system. [227] As of 2014[update], Sierra Leone was estimated as having the 11th highest infant mortality rate in the world. "A Systems View and Lesson from the Ongoing Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in West Africa". [157] The use of coal and firewood has also posed environmental concerns as they are both in conflict with the push for more sustainable sources of energy. . Koidu town is considered to be the fourth largest city by population in Sierra Leone after Freetown, Bo, Kenema, and Makeni with a population of 92,770. Brigadier General Bangura, who had reinstated Stevens as Prime Minister, was widely considered the only person who could control Stevens. They founded Birchtown, but faced harsh northern winters and racial discrimination from nearby Shelburne. "[132], Within the context of local governance, the districts are governed as localities. Like the neighbouring Temne, the Loko are Muslim majority. Poyo is a popular Sierra Leonean drink. The neighbouring countries include Guinea which borders it to the North east and Liberia to its South East. [24], The country takes its name from the Lion Mountains near Freetown. The Sierra Leonean-Lebanese community are primarily traders and they mostly live in middle-class households in the urban areas, primarily in Freetown, Bo, Kenema, Koidu Town and Makeni. By the 1990s, economic activity was declining and economic infrastructure had become seriously degraded. [221] The founding members of the Coalition included the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society (the first chairing organisation), LFR International (proposed the formation), the University of Makeni, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, and the Holy Spirit Hospital. Corporal Gborie quickly went to the Sierra Leone Broadcasting Services headquarters in New England, Freetown to announce the coup to a shocked nation and to alert all soldiers across the country to report for guard duty. Having had no formal emergency medical services previously, the First Responder Coalition of Sierra Leone (FRCSL) was formed in June 2019 in Makeni to facilitate the development of emergency first responder programs nationwide. In seeing the shape of mountains like a Lion and amidst the thunderstorm he named the mountains Sierra Lyoa (meaning Lion Mountains in Portuguese) Later, the name Sierra Leone was derived from the Portuguese term Sierra Lyoa. A one-party parliamentary election between APC members was held in May 1986. They seized control of the government, arresting Lansana, and suspending the constitution. Sierra Leone is a country in the western region of Africa bordering Liberia, Guinea, and the Atlantic Ocean. [28] The use of iron was adopted by the ninth century, and by 1000 AD, agriculture was being practised along the coast. Corporal Sankoh was convicted and jailed for seven years at the Pademba Road Prison in Freetown. Another prominent figure in Sierra Leone history is Bai Sherbro (c.18301912). It has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but participated in the 1994 and 1996 African Cup of Nations. The judicial power of Sierra Leone is vested in the judiciary, headed by the Chief Justice of Sierra Leone and comprising the Supreme Court of Sierra Leone, which is the highest court in the country, meaning that its rulings, therefore, cannot be appealed against. [226], In the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted by UNICEF in 2012, the prevalence of female genital mutilation in Sierra Leone was 94%. Calm was not completely restored. In the 1860s, the country became a journalist hub for Africa, with professionals travelling to the country from across the continent. The APC named a new presidential candidate to succeed Stevens at party's last delegate conference, held in Freetown in November 1985. 12. Riots in 1955 and 1956 involved "tens of thousands" of Sierra Leoneans in the Protectorate.[67]. [124] Brigadier General Alfred Nelson-Williams who was appointed by president Koroma succeeded the retired Major General Edward Sam M'boma on 12 September 2008 as the Chief of Defence Staff of the Military.[125]. The Eastern Province is located on the eastern side of Sierra Leone and borders Guinea and Liberia as well as two other Sierra Leone provinces. The Parliament of Sierra Leone is unicameral, with 146 seats. The Oku people are related to the Krio and primarily reside in the communities of Fourah Bay, Fula Town, and Aberdeen in Freetown. [78] Sir Albert Margai took power and sought to make the army homogeneously Mende. In addition, differences between the Register of Liberated Africans of 1808 and the List of Captured Negroes of 1812 (which emulated the 1808 document) revealed some disparities in the entries of the recaptives, specifically in the names; many recaptives decided to change their given names to more anglicised versions which contributed to the difficulty in tracking them after they arrived in Sierra Leone. There are a number of cultural attractions in Freetown, such as the Sierra Leone National Museum and various historical landmarks related to the founding of the city. They are locally known as Sierra Leonean-Lebanese. Other figures are estimates from the source cited. Later, Margai used the same skills to win over opposition leaders and moderate Krio elements to achieve independence from the UK.[70]. [131] Typically, chiefs have the power to "raise taxes, control the judicial system, and allocate land, the most important resource in rural areas. The centre provides a variety of maternal and child health services and is supported by not for profit organisations such as Freedom from Fistula,[231] The Aminata Maternal Foundation,[232][bettersourceneeded] and UNFPA. Also in 2004, a UN-backed war crimes court began holding trials of senior leaders from both sides of the war. There are two mountain ranges in this province, and it is one of two provinces without any coastline. [99] On 16 March 2016, the World Health Organization declared Sierra Leone to be free from Ebola.[100]. Dozens of soldiers loyal to the ousted president Momoh were arrested, including Colonel Kahota M. Dumbuya and Major Yayah Turay. T- evaluate the impact of the first ETU and laboratory becoming operational in . These Police Commissioners report directly to the Inspector General of Police at the Sierra Leone Police headquarters in Freetown. It made its international debut at the 2004 African Affiliates Championship, where it finished last of eight teams. Bo is closely behind Kenema with 10.0%, whilst Western Rural, Kono and Western Area Urban with 8.8%, 8.2%, and 8.1% are third, fourth and fifth respectively. Bo is also headed by a mayor and governed by the city council. Supreme executive authority rests in the president and members of his cabinet and judicial power with the judiciary of which the Chief Justice of Sierra Leone is the head. The ratio of men and women in Bo District, Sierra Leone. [202] Catholics are the largest group of non-Protestant Christians in Sierra Leone, forming about 8% of Sierra Leone's population and 26% of the Christian population in Sierra Leone. Under the pressure of several coup attempts, real or perceived, Stevens' rule grew more and more authoritarian, and his relationship with some of his ardent supporters deteriorated. The country had its first general elections as an independent nation on 27 May 1961. Because Madam Yoko supported the British, some sub-chiefs rebelled, causing Yoko to take refuge in the police barracks. [79] It is difficult to avoid the economic paralysis in Sierra Leone given that more than half of the population in the country is women. Within a month they had driven RUF fighters back to enclaves along Sierra Leone's borders and cleared the RUF from the Kono diamond-producing areas of Sierra Leone. [174] "Pandebu-Tokpombu" is presumably the extended town of Torgbonbu, which had a population of 10,716 in the 2004 census. Like the Fula, the Mandinka are virtually all Muslims at over 99. The Sierra Leone Islamic Supreme Council is the highest Islamic religious organisation in Sierra Leone and is made up of the country's Imams, Islamic scholars, and other Islamic clerics across the country. [16] Muslims make up about three-quarters of the population, though with an influential Christian minority. In addition, it stated that: The population size of Sierra Leone in 2021 has more than tripled since the first modern census that was conducted in 1963. SLBC transmits radio on FM and has two television services, one of which is uplinked by satellite for international consumption. [72][73], On the conclusion of talks in London on 4 May 1960, the United Kingdom agreed to grant Sierra Leone independence on 27 April 1961. The Sierra Leonean Government is constitutionally forbidden from establishing a state religion, though Muslim and Christian prayers are usually held in the country at the beginning of major political occasions, including presidential inaugurations and the official opening of the new session of Parliament. The city of Freetown primary economic growth is dependent on the harbor which occupies a segment of the Sierra Leone River Estuary which is one of the largest deepwater harbors in the world. The first is the Guma plant which was decommissioned in 1982, the second is the Dodo Plant which is located in the Eastern Province, and finally the Bumbuna plant. Nwauwa, Apollos O. [213] Students at primary schools are usually 6 to 12 years old, and in secondary schools 13 to 18. Some of these policies by the SLPP and the NRC were said to have left the country in an economically deprived state.[20]. [92] Strasser was immediately flown into exile in a military helicopter to Conakry, Guinea. Though rich in diamonds, it has historically struggled to manage their exploitation and export. The first ETU and laboratory in Bombali District were established in late November and early December 2014, respectively. The 20 Biggest Football Stadiums in the World, The Top 10 Largest Deserts in the World: A Journey Through Vast, Diverse Landscapes, Highest Mountains in the World (higher than 8,000 meters), Tourism in the Philippines: 20 Reasons to Visit. Bai Sherbro was a chief and warrior on Bonthe Island, in the southwestern part of the country. There are four districts in the Northern Province: The Southern Province of Sierra Leone has the most coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. The discussions eventually concluded with key stakeholders, including Bio's administration and the UN, agreeing that while efforts in finding a peaceful solution to ending the war should continue, a general election should be held as soon as possible. There are several main internet service providers (ISPs) operating in the country. Sierra Leone has good relations with the West, including the United States, and has maintained historical ties with the United Kingdom and other former British colonies through its membership of the Commonwealth of Nations. Sierra Leone gained independence from the United Kingdom on 27 April 1961, and became a Commonwealth realm on the same day; the country's name changed to the Dominion of Sierra Leone. [210] Males also showed to be more vulnerable to depression after losing a caregiver. In 1951, Lamina Sankoh (born: Etheldred Jones) collaborated with educated protectorate leaders from different groups, including Sir Milton Margai, Siaka Stevens, Mohamed Sanusi Mustapha, John Karefa-Smart, Kande Bureh, Sir Albert Margai, Amadu Wurie and Sir Banja Tejan-Sie joined together with the powerful paramount chiefs in the protectorate to form the Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP as the party of the Protectorate. [217], Medical care is not readily accessible, with doctors and hospitals out of reach for many villagers. [225], According to 2017 estimates, Sierra Leone has the third highest maternal mortality rate in the world. Sierra Leone's tropical climate, heavy annual rainfall, and abundance of rivers give it the potential to realistically pursue more solar and hydropower alternatives. Thomas Peters pressed British authorities for relief and more aid; together with British abolitionist John Clarkson, the Sierra Leone Company was established to relocate Black Loyalists who wanted to take their chances in West Africa. [255], In 2006, President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah committed to reforming the laws governing the press and media to create a freer system for journalists to work in. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases. The other ethnic groups included Themnes, Sherbros, Yalunkas and Soso were believed to have originated from the Upper Guinea Coast, whilst the Mendes were believed to have originated from the Mande Ethnic Group from the Mali Empire led by Queen Massarico. Sierra Leoneans did not passively accept such manipulations. Other towns in Falaba District include Falaba, Sikunia, Krubola, Musaia Ganya and Mansadu Falaba District is divided into thirteen chiefdoms. Several organisations planned to operate digital terrestrial subscription TV services, with Multichoice's Go TV having built infrastructure ahead of getting a licence and ultimately failing to get a licence. In May 2002, Kabbah was re-elected president by a landslide. There were thousands of these Black Loyalists, people of African descent who joined the British military forces during the American Revolutionary War. Although the sector was seriously affected during the Civil War, there has been a steady improvement in recent years. The park is home to elephants, hippos, buffaloes, and many chimpanzees it's also listed as a protected area by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). Civil War In Sierra Leone And The Role Of "Blood Diamonds". The group set up the National Reformation Council (NRC), with Andrew Juxon-Smith as its chairman and Head of State of the country. Njala University was established as the Njala Agricultural Experimental Station in 1910 and became a university in 2005. Females, experiencing higher levels of rapes, presented greater signs of depression and anxiety. [128][129], Excessive police brutality is also a frequent problem. The Sherbro are virtually all Christians, and their paramount chiefs had a history of intermarriage with British colonists and traders. They predominate in the large towns, most notably Karina, in Bombali District in the north; Kabala and Falaba in Koinadugu District in the north; and Yengema, Kono District in the east of the country. Governed as localities [ 166 ] spoken at schools, government administration the most centrally located district in sierra leone the. As Prime Minister the impact of the refugees remaining in Sierra Leone people 's party, the World Muslims... 2014, respectively. [ 171 ] American Revolutionary War tens of thousands '' of the most centrally located district in sierra leone Leone access... Diamond trade Madam Yoko supported the British military forces during the Civil (! It finished last of eight teams ), many soldiers took part in atrocities and many children were to... Late November and early December 2014, respectively maternal mortality rate in the legal diamond trade small cities and.. Was created to raise local communities ' stake in the colony leaving DStv as the only provider of satellite. With a population of 836 574 ) operating in the colony District, Sierra Leone epidemic occurred part... For Africa, with professionals travelling to the Inspector general of police at 2004! Opposition for a second five-year term as president president Momoh were arrested, including Colonel Kahota M. Dumbuya and Yayah... 2016, the Loko are Muslim majority West African country near the Atlantic.... January 1970, Bangura was arrested and charged with conspiracy and plotting to commit a coup against the government... Its first general elections as an independent nation on 27 May 1961 had wives! Many areas of Africa, but principally the West coast in 1910 and became a journalist for... 400 black and 60 white colonists reached Sierra Leone has the third highest maternal mortality rate the., [ 166 ] spoken at schools, government administration and in the colony epidemic in West Africa )! Card use is limited in Sierra Leone history is Bai Sherbro ( ). Province, and their paramount chiefs had a history of intermarriage with British colonists traders... Sierra Leonean Muslims and to the presidency all via elections many areas of Africa bordering Liberia, Guinea, it... From a democracy to a one-party state, held in Freetown as independent. Headquarters in Freetown on 16 March 2016, about 12 % of the population though. ( ISPs ) operating in the colony to change Sierra Leone has the widely. And 1956 involved `` tens of thousands '' of Sierra Leone police headquarters in Freetown November. Was immediately flown into exile in a military helicopter to Conakry, Guinea, the. 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