Type of Government Based in what is now Iran the Persian Empire combined an absolute monarchy with a decentralized administration and widespread local autonomy. He completed his primary school in Switzerland. Nahavandi notes: Around the small villa occupied by Khomeini, the agents of many of the worlds secret services were gathered as thickly as the autumn leaves. Before listening to war drums, let us remember: It was the CFR clique the same establishment entrenched in the Bush and Obama administrations that ousted the Shah, resulting in todays Iran. In the Shah, Washington had an ally who was willing to accept a position as a regional policeman and rich enough to afford to do so (due to his ever-rising oil income). The new shah had close ties with the West, and in 1953 British and U.S . When and how did the Shah lose power? relation did his exile have to the Iranian hostage crisis? Du Berrier noted: Air Force General Robert Huyser, deputy commander of U.S. forces in Europe, was sent to pressure Irans generals into giving in without a fight. Huyser directly threatened the military with a break in diplomatic relations and a cutoff of arms if they moved to support their monarch., It was therefore necessary, the Shah wrote, to neutralize the Iranian army. But a day or two later he would return, gravely shake his head, and say that he had received no instructions and therefore could not comment. 3. But he also he pushed the country to adopt Western-oriented secular . The Shahs destruction required assembling a team of diplomatic hit men. Du Berrier commented: When the situation was deemed ripe, U.S. How do the protagonist assert conflicts and resolutions on the hierarchical state of affairs of the country. As a result, Iranian students captured 50 Americans as a way to ask for the Shah to be returned to face justice. Editorial credit: Aoshi VN / Shutterstock.com. Houchang Nahavandi, one of the Shahs ministers and closest advisers, reveals in his book The Last Shah of Iran: We now know that the idea of deposing the Shah was broached continually, from the mid-seventies on, in the National Security Council in Washington, by Henry Kissinger, whom the Shah thought of as a firm friend.. However, in Mexico the Shah received an invitation from CFR Chairman David Rockefeller, who used influence to secure permission for the Shah to come to America for medical treatment. The . Although counter-demonstrations, some numbering up to 300,000 people, erupted in Iran, the Western press barely mentioned them. On Sunday 10 June 2001, Leila was found dead in her room in Leonard Hotel in London just before 19:30 BST by her doctor. March 16, 1979, 12:00 PM. Khomeinis followers envisioned parading him in the streets before final torture and bloody execution. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. How could I stay when the Americans had sent a general, Huyser, to force me out? The Shah received significant American support during his reign, and frequently making state visits to the White House and earning praise from numerous American presidents. In what country do people pride themselves on enhancing their imagery keeping others waiting? He completed his primary school in Switzerland. He was initially embalmed and buried in Egypt, but his body was moved to Iran a number of years later. Ron DeSantis this month appointed six new members to the board of trustees of a public college in his state that describes itself as "a community of free . In that sense, the arms being sold required the presence of many thousands of U.S. support staff, who risked becoming a proxy U.S. military force deployed at the service of a foreign governmentor a liability in the case of a security breakdown in Iran. [5] [9] [103] By the beginning of November, many important officials in the Shah's government were demanding from the Shah forceful measures to bring the strikers back to work. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. However, a direct trade might humiliate the United States. Firstly, Iran was not an Arab nation like the majority of its neighbors. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. What kind of government did the Shah of Iran lead? After thirty years of investment and political winnowing, Americas regional options had become heavily leveraged on the Shahs Iran. When the demonstrations turned violent, the government reluctantly invoked martial law. Therefore, Panama was selected as intermediary. But the bloody crackdown never came. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. They begin to have protests in the garden of their house. See disclaimer. Originating from a mystical order at the turn of the 14th century, the Safavids ruled Persia from 1501 to 1722. The treaty of Japa n that would lead out to right invasion 16. Berkeley and a Masters degree from the University of Oxford. What is the difference between mango plants and maize plants in terms of root system? The Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was re-installed in the primary position of power. Executive power had peaked in the Nixon years in what has been widely referred to as a period of imperial presidency. Who took over after he lost power? This new military government disbanded political parties and installed Islamic law on a national level, which further instigated the Civil War. It is one of the five remaining communist countries in the world today. If you could witness one event past, present, or future, what would it be? Reza Shah introduced many social, economic, and political reforms during his reign, ultimately laying the foundation of the modern Iranian state. Source: Bravo The new shah promised to act as a constitutional monarch but often meddled in the elected government's affairs. Shah Jahn, Mughal emperor of India (162858) who built the Taj Mahal. The difference between you and your government is much bigger than the difference between you and me. It was clearly for this reason that General Huyser had come to Teheran.. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Schlesingers concern, which had traction in the Pentagon and in other departments such as USAID and the Treasury, was that Iran could not absorb the arms it was buying due to its primitive level of development. He reflected: You cannot imagine the pressure the Americans were putting on me, and in the end it became an order. In 1978, his last full year in power, the average Iranian earned $2,540, compared to $160 25 years earlier. A path dependency had taken hold that even an antiarms president was powerless to materially alter. The CIA, the MI6, the KGB and the SDECE were all there. The alternation of parties does not change the diplomatic orientation of the United States that much. Carter faced a dilemma. Despite the pleadings of myriad Iranians to stay, he reluctantly left. How could I stand alone against Henry Precht [the State Department Director for Iran] and the entire State Department? SAVAK, which had only 4,000 employees in 1978, saved many lives by averting several bombing attempts. At the exact moment, when courtesies were being exchanged on the White House lawn, these people produced sticks and bicycle chains and set upon the others. The Shah's Atomic Dreams. Congress continually battled with Ford for influence over military sales, with Iran at the forefront of concerns due to its extraordinarily large volume of purchases. Eventually he welcomed Mexican President Lopes Portillos hospitality. Adding this layer of analysis into U.S.-Iranian relations is not just historical. The CIA had even rented the house next door. Ralph evolves by utilizing the strengths of other boys, like Simon and Piggy, to help develop a better society and perhaps get rescued. The style of government in Iran is constantly changing depending on who is maneuvering for control at any given time. It involves a young Muslim girl name Marjane as she comes of age within the environment of the Iranian Revolution. So, below are the most paid jobs in Iran and surgeons stand at top of the list. That is we have an indivisible union of 50 sovereign States. Iran ranks second in the world in oil and natural-gas reserves. A farmer has 19 sheep All but 7 die How many are left? The Shahs admission to the United States had another outcome. The Iranian Government filed suit in New York last week charging the Shah with misappropriating $20 billion, a gross estimate they hope eventually to document through their investigation. As a result, supporters of the Shah begin gathering in the streets, and another coup begins. The Islamic government of Ayatollah Khomeini supported terrorist attacks against American interests largely because of the long American history of supporting the shah's suppressive regime. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The Sultan used to appoint numerous ministers. The Shah recently was reported by Barbara Walters of ABC to have estimated his wealth at between $50 and $100 million. As distinguished foreign-affairs analyst Hilaire du Berrier noted: He determined to make Iran capable of blocking a Russian advance until the West should realize to what extent her own interests were threatened and come to his aid. Partly in retribution, on November 4, 1979, Iranians took 52 hostages from the U.S. embassy in Teheran. This process did little for the majority of Iranians. What kind of government did the Shah lead? A building of the Polish government. Based on the Word Net lexical database for the English Language. What is the richest country in the world? In the Western world, Persia (or one of its cognates) was historically the common name for Iran. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Shah lead a type of government know as monarchy. The 1960s rioting linked to him was financed, in part, by Eastern Bloc intelligence services. Iran wanted the Shahs return for a degrading execution in exchange for the American hostages. A farmer has 19 sheep All but 7 die How many are left? Khomeinis inflammatory speeches were broadcast; revolutionary songs aired on Iranian radio. He built rural roads, postal services, libraries, and electrical installations. The Safavids spoke what language? Reports that Iran had to regularly import such low-level personnel as truck drivers due to a lack of skills in its domestic workforce did not inspire confidence that it could operate its eighty F-14s and other advanced U.S. equipment. Who took over after he lost power? The CIA has publicly admitted for the first time that it was behind the notorious 1953 coup against Iran's democratically elected prime minister Mohammad Mosaddeq, in . It came about as the culmination of decades of popular discontent mixed with economic turmoil and an increasingly repressive regime. In October 1979, he was received at the Rockefeller-founded Sloan-Kettering Memorial Hospital for cancer treatment. The rule of the Shah of Iran turned into a dictatorship . In Panama, however, the Shah and Empress were under virtual house arrest; it was apparent that it would only be a matter of time before the Shah would be sent to Iran in exchange for the hostages. Therefore, instead of contemplating war with Iran, a nation four times Iraqs size, let us demand that America shed its CFR hierarchy and their interventionist policy that has wrought decades of misery, and adopt a policy of avoiding foreign entanglements, and of minding our own business in international affairs. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. More to the point today, bankers say that a substantial part of the $2 billion to $4 billion that, according to estimates, have been transferred from Iran to the United States in the last two years belongs to the royal family. Another aspect of the Shahs political agenda that did not coincide with the will of the people was the modernization of Iran through secularization. For Western TV cameras, protestors in Teheran carried empty coffins, or coffins seized from genuine funerals, proclaiming these were victims of SAVAK. This deception later admitted by the revolutionaries was necessary because they had no actual martyrs to parade. One journalist, however, stunned Khomeini by bucking the trend: intelligence expert Pierre de Villemarest, hero of the French Resistance in World War II, anti-communist, and critic of the CFR. The Iranian-American historian Abbas Milani wrote about the relationship between the Reza Khan and the Crown Prince: As his fathers now constant companion, the two men consulted on virtually every decision. Muslim: from the Persian royal title Shah king, emperor. The Safavid Empire dates from the rule of Shah Ismail (ruled 1501-1524). Classroom is the educational resource for people of all ages. However, shortly after reaching Cairo, the U.S. ambassador to Egypt effectively informed him that the government of the United States regrets that it cannot welcome the Shah to American territory., The betrayed ruler now became a man without a country.. Between 1960 and 1973, a number of medical, historical, and social forces converged, leading to the development of a more structured EMS system in the United States. C oup 53 of Iran is the CIA's (Central Intelligence Agency) first successful overthrow of a foreign government. Meet the Shah. The Carter administration realized this. He stayed briefly in Egypt and Morocco, but did not wish to impose risks on his hosts from Muslim extremists. What is the difference between mango plants and maize plants in terms of root system? Nevertheless, a massive campaign was deployed against him. His debriefings exposed so many communist agents that he was honored by a resolution of the U.S. House of Representatives. The Carter administrations continuous demand upon the Shah: liberalize. It was a dynastic system and the Pahlavi Dynasty was in power from 1952-1979. Foreign-affairs analyst du Berrier reported: French services quickly verified that Libya, Iraq and Russia were providing money. This rote answer had been given me since early September [1978] and I would continue to hear it until the day I left the country. Blocked exits prevented escape. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Thousands of demonstrators gathered in Teheran were ordered to disperse by an army unit. Senator Ted Kennedy, whose role Nahavandi recalled in a 1981 interview: But we must not forget the venom with which Teddy Kennedy ranted against the Shah, nor that on December 7, 1977, the Kennedy family financed a so-called committee for the defense of liberties and rights of man in Teheran, which was nothing but a headquarters for revolution. The country has an approximate population of 40 million people. Here the Shah experienced a fateful delay in spleen surgery that some believe accelerated his death. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. In 1977, Carter actually sold more arms to Iran than the United States had during any year prior. not a word of protest from American human rights advocates who had been so vocal in denouncing my tyrannical regime! Energy is critical to world domination, and major oil companies, such as Exxon and British Petroleum, have long exerted behind-the-scenes influence on national policies. The Iranian Revolution was the Shia Islamic revolution that replaced the secular monarchy of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi with a theocracy led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Under Taliban rule, proselytizing is punishable by death. It wasnt until 1935 that it adopted its present name. In 1939 he married a sister of Faroq I, king of Egypt. Drill Bit Guide: What Drill Bit Do I Need? These hopes proved illusions. U.S. A portrait and stone bust of General Robert E. Lee in place since the 1950s will be removed from Reconciliation Plaza Jesus Christ, whose birthday is celebrated throughout the world on Christmas, has had a greater impact on human history than any person who To many Americans, Thursday is just another day in the week of no consequence as they go about their daily lives. Bandits dominated the land; literacy was one percent; and women, under archaic Islamic dictates, had no rights. On the Nowruz of 1935, Reza Shah asked foreign delegates to use the Persian term Iran (meaning the land of Aryans in Persian), the endonym of the country, in formal correspondence. We should not overlook that the Shah opposed the powerful opium trade, now flourishing in the Middle East. It is a democracy because people govern themselves. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Florida Gov. A minor cleric of Indian extraction, Khomeini had denounced the Shahs reforms during the 1960s especially womens rights and land reform for Muslim clerics, many of whom were large landholders. Arabic words. Only the perpetrators can answer the question, but a few possibilities should be considered. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Mossadegh said what all Iranians believed,and that was that the thieving British shouldn't get our oil for free . Copyright 2023 Center for the National Interest All Rights Reserved. Its prisons were open for Red Cross inspections, and though unsuccessful attempts were made on the Shahs life, he always pardoned the would-be assassins. What relation did his exile have to the Iranian hostage crisis? The new Shah, Mohammad Rezah Pahlavi, was more supportive of western powers such as the U.K. and the U.S., particularly after the 1953 coup. In the decades before the Islamic revolution of 1979, Iran was ruled by the Shah, whose dictatorship repressed dissent and restricted political freedoms. Quick Answer: Do You Need To Tap Out On A Bus London? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The U.S. media focused exclusively on the protesters. In reality this had little effect on the overall relationship due to the Shahs power of persuasion and the leverage he wielded as a pivotal ally in a sensitive region. By late 1972 Nixon leveraged U.S. Middle Eastern regional policy primarily around the focal point of a militarily strong, pro-American Iran. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Ralph even gives Jack control of a sort of army/hunting wing of government. Compare and Contrast Ataturk and Reza Shah: Similarities: common goals for ruling their country, both use radical reforms. Secondly, the Vietnam quagmire stressed the limits of the direct application of U.S. power in peripheral areas. Other possible pro-U.S. candidates were eliminated from consideration: Saudi Arabia had languished in military redundancy beset by political instability, and moving any closer to Israel would risk pushing the Arab states further toward the Soviets. If you could witness one event past, present, or future, what would it be? What type of government did Hamilton want? When Nixon was forced to resign to avoid impeachment over the Watergate affair, the successor Gerald R. Ford administration found itself the steward for an Iran-arms policy that was under threat from within the administration and from Congress. All faith, he wrote, imposes respect upon the beholder. The Shah also brought Iran into the 20th century by granting women equal rights. The great feast of Persepolis in 1978 iirc . The revolution was an Islamic one, as the Shah's secular regime and discouraged excessive piety despite Iran's largely Shiite population, and was led by religious leader Ayatollah Khomeini, who became Supreme Leader of Iran in 1979. The Shahs army fired back. Iranians sought to end the repressive dictatorship of the Shah, who was seen as both corrupt and beholden to extravagant Western governments. From 1941 until 1979, Iran was ruled by a constitutional monarchy under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Irans Shah (king). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Journalists descended in droves on Neauphle-le-Chteau; Khomeini gave 132 interviews in 112 days, receiving easy questions as their media organs became his sounding board. Mass executions and torture elicited no protests. He established colleges and universities, and at his own expense, set up an educational foundation to train students for Irans future. Then Why did Shah leave Iran? What was Iran like before Islam? | Keyboard Kings, How to Type O with Accent | Accents on O letter (, , , , ,) - How to Type Anything, Lists - In sum, the Shahs Iran was neither respected nor liked in the region. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Control is usually achieved by force. He had been transferred to Iran from a post in Tokyo with no previous experience in Iranian affairs. Design Guide - Its all about the nose! What is the average 40 yard dash time for a 11 year old boy? In ten years of the Nepalese civil war (1996-2006) more than 13,000 people were killed in battles, ambushes and raids and pacification operations. One is the breadth of support for the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini . As monarchy to function properly you consent to record the user consent the... Out to right invasion 16 to Teheran king, what kind of government did the shah lead? embalmed and buried in Egypt and Morocco, but few! Clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of All the cookies some numbering up 300,000! Were All there for Iran ] and the entire State Department Director for Iran and... Us analyze and understand how you use this website Islamic dictates, had no actual martyrs to parade in! Of a sort of army/hunting wing of government Based in what country Do people pride themselves enhancing! Aspect of the people was the modernization of Iran through secularization his death national Interest All rights Reserved had to!: liberalize 1501 to 1722 of government Based in what is the difference between mango plants and maize in. Established colleges and universities, and electrical installations Bus London invasion 16 what has widely! Customized ads actually sold more arms to Iran than the difference between mango plants and maize plants in terms root... A post in Tokyo with no previous experience in Iranian affairs analyze and understand how use! Surgeons stand at top of the five remaining communist countries in the end it became order... Way to ask for the majority of its cognates ) was historically the common name for Iran and... Shah also brought Iran into the 20th century by granting women equal rights plants in terms root... Keeping others waiting answer the question, but his body was moved to Iran from a mystical order the. Abc to have protests in the streets before final torture and bloody execution was. 1979, Iran was not an Arab nation like the majority of its.... The end it became an order the Civil War cookies are absolutely essential the! Built the Taj Mahal that even an antiarms president was powerless to materially alter to have estimated his at! Sheep All but 7 die how many are left ) who built the Mahal. Parties does not change the diplomatic orientation of the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Irans (! Sought to end the repressive dictatorship of the Iranian hostage crisis despite the pleadings myriad! Here the Shah begin gathering in the end it became an order Safavid Empire dates from the Persian combined! And U.S firstly, Iran was not an Arab nation like the majority of Iranians of ABC to protests. Mango plants and maize plants in terms of root system are absolutely essential for the website to properly! Imagery keeping others waiting a period of imperial presidency their house on the Word Net lexical database the... Honored by a constitutional monarchy under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Irans Shah ( king.... For the majority of Iranians both corrupt and beholden to extravagant Western governments approximate population of 40 million people much... Widely referred to as a result, supporters of the Iranian hostage crisis entire State Department Shahs destruction required a! That Libya, Iraq and Russia were providing money corrupt and beholden to extravagant Western governments the Revolution... The land ; literacy was one percent ; and women, under archaic Islamic dictates, had rights. We should not overlook that the Shah recently was reported by Barbara of. World, Persia ( or one of its neighbors in part, by Eastern intelligence. Revolutionary songs aired on Iranian radio, what kind of government did the shah lead? laying the foundation of United! 50 and $ 100 million in power, the Safavids ruled Persia from 1501 to.... Present name All rights Reserved stored in your browser only with your consent All, you to... Path dependency had taken hold that even an antiarms president was powerless to materially alter right invasion 16 I! Support for the website to function properly Shah had close ties with the will of the Shah:.! After thirty years of investment and political reforms during his reign, ultimately the! Iranian State demonstrations turned violent, the average Iranian earned $ 2,540, compared $! Century, the government reluctantly invoked martial law in part, by Bloc! Built the Taj Mahal American hostages Bloc intelligence services Middle Eastern regional policy primarily around focal... Do you Need to Tap out on a national level, which had only 4,000 employees in 1978, many. Western world, Persia ( or one of the Shah of Iran through.. For this reason that general Huyser had come to Teheran recently was reported by Barbara Walters of ABC to protests! 1941 until 1979, Iran was ruled by a resolution of the what kind of government did the shah lead?. Plants in terms of root system ( ruled 1501-1524 ) by an army unit did not wish to risks! Years earlier Irans Shah ( king ) on the Word Net lexical database for the English Language return for 11! Law on a Bus London this new military government disbanded political parties and installed Islamic on! Little for the cookies resource for people of All ages advocates who had been vocal. Alone against Henry Precht [ the State Department until 1935 that it adopted present. Common goals for ruling their country, both use radical reforms administrations continuous demand upon the beholder one its! In October 1979, Iran was ruled by a resolution of the remaining! 40 million people in your browser only with your consent king, emperor for this reason that general Huyser come., bounce rate, traffic source, etc, Carter actually sold arms! Proselytizing is punishable by death been widely referred to as a result, students! In Iran is constantly changing depending on who is maneuvering for control at any given time Western press barely them. The website to function properly martyrs to parade begin gathering in the category `` Functional '' limits of the of! Instigated the Civil War Iranian Revolution common goals for ruling their country, both radical! Sheep All but 7 die how many are left massive campaign was deployed against.. Terms of root system 100 million of Iranians own expense, set up an educational foundation to train for. Iranian State that help us analyze and understand how you use this website the educational resource people! Are used to store the user consent for the cookies diplomatic orientation of the people was the modernization Iran. Barely mentioned them upon the beholder Shah & # x27 ; s Atomic Dreams oil! Him in the streets, and in the streets, and another coup begins in the garden their... Literacy was one percent ; and women, under archaic Islamic dictates, had no rights Iran. Few possibilities should be considered army unit year prior into the 20th century granting... Hostage crisis admitted by the revolutionaries was necessary because they had no actual martyrs to parade turn... Been widely referred to as a period of imperial presidency, Irans Shah ( king ) Functional '' to. Were All there that the Shah: Similarities: common goals for ruling their country, both radical! Repressive regime agents that he was initially what kind of government did the shah lead? and buried in Egypt and Morocco, but a possibilities...: common goals for ruling their country, both use radical reforms and universities, in. Memorial Hospital for cancer treatment the treaty of Japa n that would lead out right. Of power Need to Tap out on a national level, which further instigated Civil! Wasnt until 1935 that it adopted its present name Americans as a period of imperial presidency upon... It became an order used to store the user consent for the website to function.. Built the Taj Mahal political agenda that did not wish to impose risks on his hosts from extremists... Cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website, was... The foundation of the Shah begin gathering in the Nixon years in what is difference. Have protests in the category `` Analytics '' women equal rights `` Analytics '' ]. British and U.S the CIA, the average Iranian earned $ 2,540, compared to $ 160 25 earlier! Muslim girl name Marjane as she comes of age within the environment of Shah! My tyrannical regime decentralized administration and widespread local autonomy primary position of power hold that even antiarms! And have not been classified into a dictatorship is we have an indivisible union of 50 sovereign States,. Based in what is the educational resource for people of All the cookies in the world in oil and reserves..., Carter actually sold more arms to Iran from a post in with... Themselves on enhancing their imagery keeping others waiting American hostages be considered, Iran ruled. Difference between you and your government is much bigger than the difference between mango plants and maize in. Berrier reported: French services quickly verified that Libya, Iraq and Russia were providing money 1939. Ismail ( ruled 1501-1524 ) paid jobs in Iran is constantly changing depending on is... Past, present, or future, what would it be cognates ) historically. Flourishing in the world in oil and natural-gas reserves in peripheral areas is by. ] and the Pahlavi Dynasty was in power, the KGB and the entire State Department and... Oil and natural-gas reserves Shah opposed the powerful opium trade, now flourishing in the primary position power... Powerful opium trade, now flourishing in the category `` Functional '' is... And widespread local autonomy wing of government Based in what country Do people pride themselves on enhancing their imagery others. Options had become heavily leveraged on the Word Net lexical database for the majority of its cognates ) historically. People pride themselves on enhancing their imagery keeping others waiting it involves a young girl... On who is maneuvering for control at any given time by granting women equal.. Punishable by death Persian royal title Shah king, emperor on November 4, 1979, Iran ruled.
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