Almost everyone has heard the legend of cruel Elisabeth Bthory who bathed in the blood of young virgins to preserve eternal youth. This witch inspired most of Bathorys brutal and sadistic killings. Elizabeth Bthory (Hungarian Noblewoman and Serial Killer) Elizabeth Bthory or Erzsebet Bathory was a feared Hungarian countess who became infamous as a torturer and a vicious serial murderer. Nadasdy moved Bathory to his estate in Savar. Elizabeth Bthory, or Bthory Erzsbet in her native Hungarian, was born in Nyrbtor on August 7, 1560. Countess Elizabeth Bthory de Ecsed (Bthory Erzsbet in Hungarian, Albeta Btoriov in Slovak; 7 August 1560 - 21 August 1614) was a countess from the renowned Bthory family of Hungarian nobility. Although it is commonly believed that Bthory was caught in the act of torture, she was having dinner. He was allegedly as into dark stuff as his wife, cruelly torturing Ottoman captives and sticking pieces of paper between his servants' toes and setting them on fire. Her mother's brother was Stephen Bathory who was a Hungarian nobleman and later became the king of Poland. Such acts weren't illegal at the time Bathory was only punished because her victims were said to have included noblewomen but would still make Bathory responsible for many ruined lives. Bthory was born into prominent Protestant nobility in Hungary. After the death of the count on the battlefield in January 1604, horrifying suspicions of torture, murder and vampirism were voiced against Elizabeth. Raised in a noble family, Bathory knew a life of privilege from an early age. A student organization of St. Marys University of San Antonio, Texas, featuring scholarly research, writing, and media from students of all disciplines. Abridged from Female Serial Killers: How and Why Women Become Monsters by Peter Vronsky. We strive for accuracy and fairness. She eventually was put on trial. (2009). [31] The location of her body today is unknown but believed to be buried deep in the church area of the castle. Those horrific acts of violence and the sometimes-supernatural legends that surround the crimes help define Elizabeth Bathorys terrifying legacy today. From that time, he never fully recovered, and in 1603 became permanently disabled. It is also interesting to note that the King of Hungary only took notice or sent someone to investigate the disappearances of young girls when it was young noble girls disappearing. Printable . Thurzo heard screaming, which led him to find one of Bathorys torture chambers. I think it wouldve been a little more beneficial to focus on a specific killing story of hers if there was evidence of one. Bthory was born into prominent Protestant nobility in Hungary. No, Bthory was not a doctor/scientist/midwife. To cure her epilepsy, her family took blood from servants and put it on her lips. Anna was born roughly in the year 1585, and Katalin approximately 1594. There she died in 1614 at age 54. Elizabeth was born August of 1560 to a powerful branch of the royal family in Hungary. But not everyone is convinced of her guilt. Wikimedia CommonsThe ruins of Csejte Castle, where Elizabeth Bathory supposedly committed unspeakable crimes. George strengthened his alliance to Stephen by marrying his sister Anna, uniting the branches. What was Elizabeth Bthorys childhood like? While documents from the 1611 trial supported the accusations made against her, modern scholarship has questioned the veracity of the allegations. [15], Bthory was raised a Calvinist Protestant. [3] The use of needles was also mentioned by the collaborators in court. Likewise, some historians say that witnesses probably provided the incriminating yet contradictory testimonies under duress and that the king called for the death penalty before Bathorys family could intervene on her behalf. In the early part of the 17th century, a Hungarian countess named Elizabeth Bathory was accused of murdering some 650 women across what is today known as Slovakia. Bathory took the advice, which turned out be a mistake for her. The Countess came from a very influential family. But Bathorys case may not have been as cut and dry as it seemed. This branch, since they retained the possession of Btor, are sometimes called of Btor or, as the younger branch, Nyrbtor (New Bathory).[3]. Lancer's True Name is Elizabeth Bthory (, "Erzsbet Bthory"), the virginal fourteen year old aspect that had yet to become the monster Carmilla like her older aspect. Updates? Even then, the punishment Bathory faced was nowhere near as cruel as what she did to these young girls. The servants, accused of aiding her in torture and murder, were put on trial in 1611; three were executed. Btor had been the estate of Vajda son of Lngos, who had married a relative of Andrew but died without issue. Ferenc Ndasdy 's wife, and after his death, the wealth and properties were inherited by her. The investigation into Bthory's crimes was sparked by complaints from a Lutheran minister, Istvn Magyari. The Habsburg court owed her money they didn't want to pay. Countess Elizabeth Bathory. The Myth of the "Blood Countess" Elizabeth Bathory. Of Stephen's six sons, Ladislaus V (d. 1474) was supreme count of the counties Szatmr and Zarnd, the second Andrew III (d. 1495) was confirmed in his possession of Bujak. The family divided into two major branches, which descended from the sons and grandsons of Yes, there are descendants of Elizabeth Bathory that are living today. Although in modern times she has been labelled the most prolific female serial killer in . And some say she would later use that power to commit heinous acts. Bathing in pure girls blood is heard from a lot in movies but Ive never heard it happening in real life. Bthory, though never tried, was confined to Castle Csejte (now Cachtice), reportedly kept in a bricked-in room. He reportedly surprised Bathory in the middle of tormenting a victim and in response immediately imprisoned her in her home (her high status meant she would not be jailed as a common criminal). She descended from multiple noble lineages and included the King of Poland and the prince of Transylvania among her relatives. During the trial, witnesses explained how Bathory would lure in servant girls to kill. For years, citizens were frightened of Elizabeth Bathory. In this time period, if someone was harmed, or someone even stole a chicken, a letter of complaint was written. She was brought up in the rarefied atmosphere of 16th century elites - her every whim was satisfied, and people from all walks of life fawned over the beautiful aristocrat. Two of the women and the male servant were sentenced to death, which was quickly carried out. Ferenc and Erzsebet Bathory had six children. On 13 December 1612, Nikola VI Zrinski confirmed the agreement with Thurz about the imprisonment of Bthory and distribution of the estate. [2] Her family ruled Transylvania as an independent region within the Hungarian kingdom. Bathorys servants, thirteen in total, testified against her. The Ecsed branch commonly sided with the Habsburgs: Stephen VII, who had escaped the battle, fled with Louis' widow to Pozsony (now Bratislava), where he organized the election of Ferdinand of Austria as King of Hungary. Her family controlled Transylvania, and her uncle, Stephen Bthory, was king of Poland. On December 30, 1609, Elizabeth Bthory and her servants were arrested. [9] The marriage resulted in combined land ownership in both Transylvania and the Kingdom of Hungary. Elizabeth Bathory was born in 1560 to Baron George VI Bathory and Baroness Anna Bathory in Nyirbator, Hungary. The servants and Majorova who helped gather young women for Bathory to kill were all killed by either burning or beheading as a result of the trial.16 Elizabeth did not face a harsh death sentence. According to SyFy, this claim didnt even appear in print until after shed been dead for more than a century. Bthory is said to have begun killing daughters of the lesser gentry, who were sent to her gynaeceum by their parents to learn courtly etiquette. Listen above to the History Uncovered podcast, episode 49: Bloody Mary, also available on, true story behind the real-life Bloody Mary. The second son, Stephen III rose to become Palatine of Hungary and in 1444 fell in the Battle of Varna as flag-bearer of Wadysaw, King of Poland and Hungary. At times, Bathorys husband went away at war, but when he was at home, he shaped Bathory in how she killed.6 Nadasdy enjoyed torturing peasants and servants in brutal ways. Her family betrothed Bathory to Count Ferencz Ndasdy when she was 11 or 12. [19] In the last month of 1614, she signed her arrangement, in which she distributed the estates, lands and possessions among her children. Elizabeth Bathory, a Hungarian countess, was the daughter of Ann and George Bathory.1 She was born on August 7th, 1590, in Transylvania.2 She came from a wealthy, Protestant family that were significant landowners in Hungary. Elizabeth Bathory was technically a subject of the Habsburg crown. That said, families of her stature could pretty much do as they wished provided that they were not overtly disloyal to the crown. [2][13][16] Born into a privileged family of nobility, Bthory was endowed with wealth, education and a prominent social rank.[17]. Bthory of Simolin [ edit] But before long, many locals began to point their fingers at Countess Elizabeth Bathory. A real person, born in 1560, died in 1614. She used tools such as knives, razors, and wax to torture them.12 She would also bite pieces of flesh off of her victims.13 The people who lived in the same town as Bathory saw the girls that she tortured while they ran errands. During colder parts of the year young women might be stripped naked and forced into deadly ice baths. Thurzo found a dead body of a girl and two other girls wounded. Elizabeth Bathory was born on August 7, 1560, in Nyrbtor, Hungary. She was a bloodsucking demon sent from Hell to murder young women. This page has been accessed 12,844 times. What struck me the most was how they had seen a girl run out of her castle with a knife still in her foot but did nothing because she was a peasant and only did something once she killed a noble girl. But as the story goes, Bathory didnt stop there. Another woman, who'd supposedly used magic to aid Bathory, was also soon killed. It is interesting to read how her childhood and husband shaped her into the serial killer that she became. She would bite shoulders and breasts, as well as burning the flesh, including the genitals, of some victims. She was born on a family estate in Nyrbtor, Hungary, and spent her childhood at Ecsed Castle. Meet Elizabeth Bathory, The Blood Countess Who May Have Been Historys Most Prolific Female Serial Killer. Wikipedia, 2019, s.v. She had received it as a wedding gift from her husband, the famed Hungarian war hero Ferenc Ndasdy. This too may have been politically motivated, as the death penalty meant that the king could seize her land. Great job! The accusations of murder were based on rumors. [36] It is difficult to know how accurate his account of events is. After these executions Thurz continued to investigate the countess. . [30] She was buried in the church of Csejte on 25 November 1614,[30] but according to some sources due to the villagers' uproar over having the Countess buried in their cemetery, her body was moved to her birth home at Ecsed, where it was interred at the Bthory family crypt. and she had complete control over the lives of the peasants living in the . Descendant of both the Ecsed and Somly branches of the Bathory family. Elizabeth Warren is a Democrat from Massachusetts who was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2012 and ran for her party's presidential nomination in 2020. After all, legend has it that she bathed in the blood of at least 650 servant girls she had tortured and killed. Her family lands, dotted across today's Slovakia, were part of the 'Kingdom of Hungary' that was absorbed by the Habsburgs in 1536. However, this depraved action isn't backed up by contemporaneous witness accounts (which otherwise didn't shy away from gore). She had several siblings. Bathory sometimes tortured girls by driving needles into their fingers, cutting their noses or lips or whipping them with stinging nettles. Today, Elizabeth Bathory is infamously remembered as the "Blood Countess" who killed up to 650 girls and women in the Kingdom of Hungary. Their court proceedings began early in January 1611. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. Bathory herself was spared from execution due to her status as a noble. Due to his youth and the belief that he was less culpable, Jnos jvry was executed by a much less painful method: beheading. Bthory's other known children include Orsolya (Orsika) Ndasdy (1590 unknown) who would later become the wife of Istvn II Beny; Katalin (Kata or Katherina) Ndasdy (1594 unknown); Andrs Ndasdy (15961603); and Pl (Paul) Ndasdy (15981650), father of Franz III Ndasdy, who was one of the leaders of the Magnate conspiracy against Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I. The most infamous accusation the one that inspired her nickname, the Blood Countess claimed that Elizabeth Bathory bathed in the blood of her young victims in an attempt to maintain a youthful appearance. However, it's possible Bathory was not guilty of all the crimes that have been laid at her feet. In the 15th century, Michael's brothers George and Ladislaus, who both died without issue, had sold their heritage to the then-head of the Somly branch, Nicolaus. I guess that is the problem with absolute dynastic systems, you get people in power who really shouldnt be. Elizabeth's father was George VI Bthory, who was from the Bthory family's Esced branch. How did they find each other? [citation needed], Several authors, such as Lszl Nagy and Dr. Irma Szdeczky-Kardoss, have argued that Elizabeth Bthory was a victim of a conspiracy. I will start with the claims where the evidence is clearest: No, Bthory did not keep a list of her victims/"patients". In 1526, he fought in the disastrous Battle of Mohcs against the Ottomans, in which King Louis II fell. A history of epilepsy from the Greeks to the beginnings of modern neurology", "Bthory Erzsbet Bthory Erzsbet: Short FAQ", "No Blood in the Water: The Legal and GenderConspiracies Against Countess Elizabeth Bathory in Historical Context", "The Early Ottoman Period, Including Royal Hungary, 15261606", "Elizabeth Bthory Drop of Blood Festival: 16 August 2014", "A genealogy of the Ndasdy family, including her descendants", A complete genealogy of all descendants Elizabeth Bthory (17th-20th century), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Bthory&oldid=1132822934, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2018, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia references cleanup from March 2021, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from March 2021, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles containing Hungarian-language text, All articles that may contain original research, Articles that may contain original research from October 2021, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 10 January 2023, at 19:35. The Ecsed branch first rises to prominence with the sons of Luke's grandson John V. His eldest son Bartholomew I fell in 1432 fighting against the Hussites. The best-case scenario is that Bathory abused her servants but came nowhere near the level of violence alleged at her trial. Also known as Bthori Erzsbet, Elizabeth Bathory was born to an incredibly powerful family on August 7, 1560, in Hungary. Bthory was a powerful woman, made more so by her control of Ndasdys holdings after his death. It is unclear whether he died before or after his sisters Elizabeth and Sophia. Make 2023 the year to let that wonderful you-ness shine. This article caught my eye because there is a Swedish extreme Metal band that goes by the same name (Bathory). While slightly lower down the social . [8] In a 2018 article for Przegld Nauk Historycznych (Historical Science Review) Aleksandra Bartosiewicz stated that when Bthory was persecuted, the accusations were a spectacle to destroy her family's influence in the region, which was considered a threat to the political interests of her neighbors, including the Habsburg empire.[9]. By 1578, Ndasdy had become the chief commander of the Hungarian army and embarked on a military campaign against the Ottoman Empire, leaving his wife in charge of his vast estates and the governing of the local populace. Vitus killed it with three thrusts of his lance and as a reward received the castle. On December 29, 1610, Count Gyrgy Thurz, who oversaw judicial matters as the lord palatine of Hungary, arrived at Bathory's Castle achtice to investigate the countess' alleged crimes against women of noble birth (any mistreatment of servants was not a concern to authorities). Tony Thorne. The third son, Stephen V (d. 1493) excelled as a military commander and was made Voivode of Transylvania, the first of a long line of Bthory rulers of that country. [26], On 25 January 1611, Thurz wrote a letter to King Matthias describing that they had captured and confined Bthory to her castle. Countess Erzsbet Bthory, also known as Elizabeth Bathory, was a member of a powerful family from an estate at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains, the Bathory family. [29][7][contradictory] On the evening of 20 August 1614, Bthory complained to her bodyguard that her hands were cold, whereupon he replied "It's nothing, mistress. She had an elder brother named Stephen. During the time she lived, she was one of the most powerful women in Hungary.21 She gained notoriety and received the nickname Blood Countess through her deviant acts.22 Bathory is known today for being one of the worst female, serial killers. 25 of the Most Evil People the World Has Ever Seen. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. She allegedly burned her victims with hot irons, beat them to death with clubs, stuck needles under their fingernails, poured ice water over their bodies and left them to freeze to death outside in the cold, covered them in honey so that bugs could feast on their exposed skin, sewed their lips together, and bit off chunks of flesh from their breasts and faces. [3] Some insist she inspired Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897),[11] although Stoker's notes on the novel provided no direct evidence to support this hypothesis. Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain was the longest-reigning monarch in British history. She allegedly expanded her sights and began killing daughters of the gentry who had been sent to Csejte for their education. Elizabeth Bthory., College of Arts, Humanities, & Social Sciences. There were several instances where Bthory intervened on behalf of destitute women, including a woman whose husband was captured by the Ottomans and a woman whose daughter was raped and impregnated. 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. Countess Elizabeth Bthory de Ecsed ( Hungarian: Bthory Erzsbet, pronounced [batori rebt]; Slovak: Albeta Btoriov ; 7 August 1560 - 21 August 1614) [1] was a Hungarian noblewoman from the family of Bthory, who owned land in the Kingdom of Hungary (now Hungary, Slovakia and Romania ). [18] This does not contribute to the notion of a Catholic/Habsburg plot against the Protestant Bthory, although religious tension is still a possible source of conflict, as Bthory was raised Calvinist, not Lutheran. Transylvania is also infamous for the reputation of . But although this story is by far the most memorable, its also extremely unlikely to have been true. Thurz ordered two notaries, Andrs Keresztry and Mzes Czirky,[19] to collect evidence in March 1610. I find it interesting that she was born in Transylvania, the same place that Vlad Tepes (Vlad Dracula) was born. Impressed by Stephen, George VI Bthory, of the Ecsed branch, was persuaded to change his allegiance from the Habsburgs to Zpolya, for which the Habsburg king deprived him of his castle Bujak. Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States. Login to find your connection. The citizens of Hungary did not even speak Bathorys name for hundreds of years.18 Conspiracy theories argue that Bathory was actually innocent. A powerful terror ruled over lands in Hungary in the 16th century. Extremely well written article. . The fact that a large debt owed by Matthias to Bthory was canceled by her family in exchange for permitting them to manage her captivity suggests that the acts attributed to her were politically motivated slander that allowed relatives to appropriate her lands. The couple's first child was born 10 years later, in 1585. There were many suspected forms of torture carried out by Bthory. Most of her alleged assaults and murders took place after she was widowed in 1604. Beauty pioneer Elizabeth Arden opened the doors of her first salon in 1910. Her relatives included the governor of Transylvania, The king of Poland, and the prince of Transylvania. Bthory was born in 1560 on a family estate in Nyrbtor, Royal Hungary. Elizabeth was raised on Ecsed, an estate in Transylvania. This article was incredible! That said, one witness claimed to have seen a book kept by Bathory herself, where she recorded the names of all of her victims 650 in total. Elizabeth Bthory (or Erzsbet, to use the Hungarian spelling) was born into a Hungarian noble family on the 7th August, 1560. Countess Elizabeth Bathory, or Erzsbet Bthory, was a wealthy and powerful Hungarian noblewoman whose relations included an uncle who was king of Poland and a nephew who was prince of. The evidence gathered by Thurz also included 289 witness statements. One of those children (Pl) had two children. Ndasdy was the son of Baron Tams Ndasdy de Ndasd et Fogarasfld and Orsolya Kanizsai. and it is widely believed that the case was to seize her assets. And Bathory's support of her nephew Prince Gbor Bthory of Transylvania, who was in conflict with the ruling Habsburgs, potentially placed her in danger. There is no evidence that she actually committed the crimes she of which she was alleged. Elizabeth Bthory (1560 - 1614 AD) was a countess from the renowned Bthory family of nobility in the Kingdom of Hungary and cousin of the Hungarian noble Stefan Bthory, King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Duke of Transylvania. A great example of what a bad upbringing can do and the potential of a bad upbringing to not only bring harm to the person involved but the society as well. Omissions? Her father was Baron George VI Bthory of the Ecsed branch of the family, brother of Andrew Bonaventura Bthory, who had been voivode of Transylvania. After taking a lover at age 13 and giving birth to a secret love child, Elizabeth was married shortly before turning 15 to a nobleman named Ferenc Nadasdy. [37], Bthory has been labelled by Guinness World Records as the most prolific female murderer, though the number of her victims is debated.[38]. Her actions resulted in a nickname of the "Blood Countess" and may have been a source of inspiration for Bram Stoker's Dracula. When Darvulia died a few years later, Bathory had to find another women to confide in while doing her killings. In the 19th century, long after the demise of the other branches, the family claimed name and title of Counts Bthory, since their ancestor Michael had never consented to the sale conducted by his brothers, and in 1852 the Russian government confirmed the legitimacy of their claims.[6][11][12]. [4], The charges leveled against Bthory have been described by several historians as a witch-hunt. The countess is also known as one of the bloodiest women in . Check out our elizabeth bathory selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our patches shops. In the early 17th century, rumors began to circulate around the village of Trenn in present-day Slovakia. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. This is thought to be one of the reasons she became obsessed over blood. Erzsebet Bathory, known more commonly in the Western world by the anglicised name Elizabeth, was born August 7th, 1560, the daughter of Baron George Bathory and Baroness Anna Bathory. Bthory was born into prominent Protestant nobility in Hungary. [25], The highest number of victims cited during the trial of Bthory's accomplices was 650, but this number comes from the claim by a servant girl named Susannah that Jakab Szilvssy, Bthory's court official, had seen the figure in one of Bthory's private books. The Csejte church and the castle of Csejte do not bear any markings of her possible grave. Any remains or signs of her or her body cannot be found today. She was raised at the family castle in Ecsd. The Elizabethan era is named for her. In the early modern period, the family brought forth several Princes of Transylvania and one King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (Stephen Bthory). Later, the interest of the Zpolyas were represented at the Habsburg court by the Voivode's son Stephen IX, who would go on to become Prince of Transylvania and King of Poland. [1], There are counter-arguments made against this theory. As a member of a powerful family, Bathory was not put on trial. [15] The child, said to have been fathered by a peasant boy, was supposedly given away to a local woman who was trusted by the Bthory family. [10], Another branch of the family are the Bthory of Simolin family, which was named after their estate Simony (or Simolin). In addition to shifting blame to their mistress and each other, they also implicated a deceased servant, Darvulia, who'd served as a maid and governess. "of Btor".[4]. Countess Elizabeth Bthory de Ecsed (Hungarian: Bthori Erzsbet, pronounced[batori rebt]; Slovak: Albeta Btoriov; 7 August 1560 21 August 1614)[1] was a Hungarian noblewoman and alleged serial killer from the family of Bthory, who owned land in the Kingdom of Hungary (now Slovakia). As was the custom, the young bride to be left her own home once the betrothal was official and the family of her fiance took over her education. She was a widow of one of the most powerful and wealthy noblemen of Hungary, she managed enormous estates and was documented to have been very good to her people offering scholarships and running practically a hospital in her castle. The evidence against Bathory has flaws: Of 289 witness accounts, more than 250 offered either hearsay or no information whatsoever. 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