*/ Since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, several steps have been taken and initiatives accomplished to enhance the security and reliability of the nations current electricity infrastructure. function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { 5, pp. Possible threats to the electrical grid introduced by the use of AMI include: As more utilities move toward using Internet Protocol (IP)based systems for wide area communications and as the trend of using standardized protocols continues throughout the industry, maintaining the security of such devices will be critical. } The benefits of smart energy infrastructure are improved reliability, supply integration, shorter outages, increased efficiency, consumer cost-saving, and customer satisfaction 6. More specifically, the operation of a modern power system depends on complex systems of sensors and automated and manual controls, all of which are tied together through communication systems. padding: 0 !important; Figure 2 shows the percentage of terrorist attacks aimed at each of the major grid components. Much work remains to be done, however, to create standards that, when implemented, will adequately protect the grid from cyberattacks. Another way to protect your security system from outages is to upgrade or move to a smart power system, especially for any new construction. Smart Decision, 2010, unpublished internal Alcatel-Lucent article. 1, pp. Initial systems were open-framed basic systems ranging from 5.5kW to 10kW. To achieve this goal, a new megainfrastructure is emerging from the convergence of energy, telecommunications, transportation, the Internet, and electronic commerce. ]; This is extremely important, since the consequences of an attack are directly proportional to the length of time the service is disrupted. Reduced operations and management costs for utilities, and ultimately lower power costs for consumers. With increased benefit, however, has come increased risk. Energy, telecommunications, transportation, and financial infrastructures are becoming increasingly interconnected, thus posing new challenges for their secure, reliable, and efficient operation. }; [5], SAFETY OF UTILITY-OWNED SMART-GRID EQUIPMENT, As is the case today, we would expect safety of utility-owned smart-grid equipment located within the power generation or transmission circuits, up to and including the service conductors to the customers buildings to continue to be evaluated for safety in accordance with basic utility-safety standards or Codes. Rochester, This is based on logarithmic plot of drain current against Drain-to-Source voltage as shown in the figure. It is even more complex and difficult to control it for optimal efficiency and maximum benefit to the ultimate consumers while still allowing all its business components to compete fairly and freely. } Thus it is probable that a well-organized, determined group of terrorists could take out portions of the grid as they have previously done in the United States, Colombia, and other locations around the globe. } else { 14621. , and other security systems often overlook a piece of their system that can shut down the entire system if it isnt properly maintained: battery backup. } As an increasing amount of electricity is generated from distributed renewable sources, the problem will only be exacerbated; the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has concluded that generating 20% of all electricity with land-based wind installations will require at least 20,000 square miles. It also contains optimization, which ensures that power generation costs are reduced. } A smart grid combines the existing electrical infrastructure with digital technologies and advanced applications to provide a much more efficient, reliable and cost effective way to distribute energy. console.log(""); The threats posed by insiders are real, as is the risk of a Trojan horse embedded in the software of one of more of the control centers. It enables candidates to perform advanced HV switching operations on industrial HV networks up to and including 33kV (please see course dates for further info). Electric power utilities also typically own and operate at least certain portions of their own telecommunications systems, which often consist of a backbone of fiber optic or microwave links connecting major substations with spurs to smaller sites. As these separate technologies become merged, much of the safety considerations will have to be merged and reconciled as well, particularly at interfaces. Move the DC breaker on the side of the machine up to the "ON" position. }; Containment of batteries capable of producing excessive heat during breakdown or thermal runaway. This network represents an -enormous investment, including more than 15,000 generators in 10,000 power plants and hundreds of thousands of miles of transmission and distribution lines. Deception consists of two possible techniques: dissimulation (hiding the real) and simulation (showing the false). IEC 60950-1, Edition 2.0, 2005-12, Information Technology Equipment Safety- Part 1: General Requirements, International Electrotechnical Commission. __gtagTracker('config', 'UA-3983727-10', {"forceSSL":"true"} ); Smart Touch sealed touch pads provide operator interactive capabilities; manual override/control Fast switchover. Within a substation control network, it is common to find commercial telephone lines as well as wireless, microwave, optical fiber, and Internet connections. As these infrastructures have grown more complex in order to handle increasing demands, they have become increasingly interdependent. if (hitObject) { 40, no. p.set = noopfn; Figure 2. All rights reserved. 24, no. In remote locations, stand-alone systems can be more cost-effective than extending a power line to the electricity grid (the cost of which can range from $15,000 to $50,000 per mile). The Academy compiled a list of twenty accomplishments that have affected virtually everyone in the world. 166 Smart Grid Safety and Security: Educational and Research Activities Disturbances in smart grid operation can originate from natural disasters, failures, human factors, terrorism, and so on. return; Communications Smart meters, however, are extremely attractive targets for exploitation, since vulnerabilities can be easily monetized through manipulated energy costs and measurement readings. Moreover, numerous types of communication media and protocols are used in the communication and control of power systems. [2] Mr. Edison would not be familiar with nuclear power plants or photovoltaic cells, as these technologies were developed after his death in 1931. It provides utilities with the ability to detect problems on their systems and operate them more efficiently. if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;} Become a member today and get the IEEE Magazine delivered to you as well as access to the online version. var gaMap = { window.cookieconsent.initialise(json) Smart power systems improve the security of equipment, protected assets and people. var disableStrs = [ Many older (and even some newer) systems do not have adequate battery backup, especially for auxiliary devices such as locks, relays, and strikes. The trend of connecting electrical control systems to the Internet exposes all layers of a system to possible attack. var em_track_user = true; return null; This would require the highest levels of guarding against intentional access to hazardous voltages. Multiple layers of safety features are incorporated into the design of the radioisotope power systems (or RPS) used by NASA. return; sensing, communication, data management, and mathematical and theoretical foundations to support a better, faster, and higher-confidence understanding of what is going on, leading to improved state and topology estimation and fast look-ahead simulation. Several such incidents in the United States have been publicly reported during the last 30 years, including saboteurs operating in the Pacific Northwest and those using power lines and transformers for target practice on the East Coast. The potential exists to create an electricity system that provides the same efficiency, precision, and interconnectivity as the billions of microprocessors that it will power. One possible means of increasing the physical security of power lines is to bury them. $(document).ready(function() { 'title': 'page_title', Sign in to download full-size image Figure 3.23.4.2. The mission of the IEEE Power & Energy Society is to be the leading provider of scientific and engineering information on electric power and energy for the betterment of society, and the preferred professional development source for its members. The secure and efficient power system operation relays on the data assessment and state estimation. Part of the problem is that the existing control systems, which were originally designed for use with proprietary, stand-alone communication networks, were later connected to the Internet (because of its productivity advantages and lower costs) but without adding the technology needed to make them secure. Mr. Gies graduated from Rutgers University College of Engineering as an electrical engineer. Likewise, other product applicable safety modules, such as requirements for outdoor equipment, can serve as supplements or overlays to the base meter standard in this case. __gtagTrackerOptout(); To inquire about advertising in the online and/or print version of Power & Energy Magazine, please, masking the real by making a relevant object undetectable or blending it into background irrelevance, repackaging, which hides the real by making a relevant object appear to be something it isnt, dazzling, which hides the real by making the identification of a relevant object less certain by confusing the adversary about its true nature, inventing the false by creating a perception that a relevant object exists when it doesnt, mimicking, which invents the false by presenting characteristics of an actual and relevant object, decoying, which displays the false so as to attract attention away from a more relevant object, fabricating generated energy meter readings, disrupting the load balance of local systems by suddenly increasing or decreasing the demand for power, gaining control of millions of meters and simultaneously shutting them down, disabling grid control center computer systems and monitors, monitoring and analysis, automation and control, materials science, power electronics, and integrated distributed energy resources (DERs). Increased integration of large-scale renewable energy systems . Our smart power system provider of choice. __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; 2nd Conf. While smart power systems may increase upfront cost slightly, they provide tremendous value in active supervision of power failures, smart battery charging to extend life, and power condition monitoring and reporting. if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { Automotive Thus, staff members must be well trained to respond to a wide variety of emergencies since no amount of technology can replace well-trained personnel. Figure 3. if (! P. McDaniel and S. McLaughlin, Security and privacy challenges in the smart grid, IEEE Security Privacy, vol. 1/10/2023 - 3/11/2023extensioncanvas.ucsd.eduYou will have access to your course materials on the published start date OR 1 business day after your enrollment is confirmed if you enroll on or after the published start date. Copyright 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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